A joint initiative between the Marine Institute and the National Parks and Wildlife Service (NPWS) aims to revitalise mussel populations through a Newport, Co Mayo, pilot captive-breeding programme.

Freshwater pearl mussels are on the verge of extinction, despite being Ireland’s longest-living animal, with a potential 140-year lifespan.

The species is listed as ‘endangered’ on the International Union for Conservation of Nature's red list of threatened species.

In Ireland, 19 Special Areas of Conservation (SACs) have been designated in an effort to conserve the pearl mussel in its native habitats.

Positive outcome

Dr Áine O'Connor, NPWS said: "Captive breeding programmes are already well established in several countries, and we are hopeful that, over time, this joint project will lead to a positive outcome for the freshwater pearl mussel in Ireland."

The mollusc’s numbers have declined due to poor survival rates among juveniles, which are extremely sensitive to slight changes in environmental conditions.

This is leading to an ageing population, not capable of replenishing itself.

Juvenile survival is dependent on a clean riverbed, with little silt, sediment or algal growth.

Crucial life stage

The mussels also depend on Atlantic salmon and brown trout to host their larvae, called glochidia, for about 10 months.

The captive breeding program is targeted at this crucial life stage. 

Minister of State for Heritage Malcolm Noonan (small picture) said: "The freshwater pearl mussel is an important and iconic species that is on the brink of extinction. I am delighted that my department is leading on this conservation initiative with the Marine Institute."